When Should You Go to the ER for Severe Sunburn?

Sunburns are common in the summer months. While many can be treated at home with simple remedies, severe cases may require medical attention, possibly even a visit to the Emergency Room (ER). Understanding the signs of severe sunburn and when to seek medical help is essential. Here’s what you should know:

Understanding Severe Sunburn

Sunburn occurs when the skin is overexposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Symptoms typically include redness, pain, swelling, and in some cases, blisters. Mild sunburn can usually be managed with home remedies like cool compresses, aloe vera moisturizers, and over-the-counter pain relievers.

Severe sunburn, however, is characterized by:

• Extensive Blisters: Large, widespread blisters covering a significant area of the body indicate a more serious burn.
• Intense Pain: Severe pain that does not improve with over-the-counter medications may require medical evaluation.
• Fever and Chills: These symptoms suggest that the sunburn has caused systemic effects, such as dehydration or infection.

When to Seek Emergency Care for Severe sunburn

1. Signs of Dehydration: Sunburn can lead to fluid loss and dehydration, especially if accompanied by symptoms like dizziness, decreased urination, or extreme thirst.
2. Severe Blisters: If blisters cover a large area or appear on sensitive areas such as the face, hands, or privates, medical attention is necessary to prevent infection and promote healing.
3. Fever and Chills: These symptoms may indicate a more serious sunburn, possibly leading to sun poisoning (severe sunburn accompanied by symptoms like nausea, vomiting, headache, and fever).
4. Intense Pain or Swelling: Sunburn that causes severe pain or swelling not alleviated by home treatments may indicate a deeper burn requiring medical assessment.
5. Difficulty Breathing or Swallowing: If your sunburn is severe enough to cause swelling of the face, lips, or throat, it could compromise your airway and require urgent medical intervention.
6. Signs of Heat Stroke: Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition characterized by a body temperature above 104°F (40°C), confusion, rapid heartbeat, and unconsciousness. Seek emergency medical help immediately if you or someone else shows these symptoms after sun exposure.

Special Considerations

• Infants, Children, and Elderly: Babies, young children, and older adults are more susceptible to sunburn and its complications due to thinner skin and reduced ability to regulate body temperature. Caregivers should monitor them closely and seek medical advice promptly for any concerning symptoms.
• Underlying Conditions: Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, such as autoimmune disorders or skin sensitivities, may experience more severe reactions to sun exposure. They should be vigilant and consult healthcare providers if sunburn occurs.

Treatment at the ER

In the Emergency Room, healthcare providers will assess the severity of the sunburn and provide appropriate treatment, which may include:

• Fluid Replacement: Intravenous fluids may be necessary to rehydrate the body, especially if dehydration is severe.
• Wound Care: Severe blisters may require professional care to reduce the risk of infection and promote healing.
• Monitoring: Monitoring for complications such as infection, electrolyte imbalances, or heat-related illnesses is crucial, particularly in severe cases.
• Pain Management: Stronger pain medications than those available over the counter may be administered.

Prevention Is Key

While there are many treatments available to ease sunburn, preventing sunburn before it happens is the best approach. 

• Use Sunscreen: Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, and reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating.
• Seek Shade: Limit direct sun exposure during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) when UV rays are strongest.
• Wear Protective Clothing: Clothing like wide-brim hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeve shirts that cover exposed skin offer additional protection from harmful UV rays.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day, especially when outdoors, to prevent dehydration.

While most cases of sunburn can be managed with home remedies and self-care, severe sunburns that cause blistering, intense pain, fever, or systemic symptoms should prompt a visit to the Emergency Room for evaluation and treatment. 

At BMC, our Emergency Department offers expert care for individuals experiencing severe sunburn. Our medical team is dedicated to preventing complications and ensuring you receive appropriate care for your skin and overall health. Protect your skin from harmful UV rays by prioritizing sun safety with preventive measures and seeking timely medical help when necessary.